1932:
Machoro (Italy) uses sodium fluoride in the successful treatment of hyperthyroidism.
Wilhelm May (Germany) also starts fluoride therapy in the treatment of hyperthyroidism, using calcium fluoride tablets, topical ointments, etc..
1936:
DeEds F., Fluorine in Relation to Bone and Tooth Development, JADA, 23, 1936, p 574.
Fluorine is a general protoplasmic poison, but the most important symptoms of chronic fluorine poisoning known at present are mottling of the teeth and interference with bone formation.
1937:
Litzka (Germany) discusses the mode of action of fluorides in treating patients with hyperthyroidism: fluoride antagonizes thyroid hormone effects/glycolysis in liver and influences glycolysis in skeletal muscle.
Wilhelm May reports further on his fluoride therapy, including the use of sodium fluoride ointments (up to one year-therapy), and Fluorotyrosin (6 to 8 – week therapy). Also reports on findings that two other common medications given in the treatment of hyperthyroidism – Solvitren and Tyronorman – had been found to contain fluoride, in fact double the amount used in Fluorotyrosin. Further May reports that the traditional areas where people had been sent for “natural therapy” (‘Kur’) were found to contain higher amounts of fluoride in the water.
Kraft (Knoll AG, Germany) investigates inorganic sodium fluoride and organic fluoride compounds fluorobenzoic acid and fluorotyrosine and reports that all fluoride compounds inhibit thyroid hormones. It is a matter of amplification – the fluoride component is essential.
1939:
Yearbook of Agriculture.
Fluorine interferes with the normal calcification of the teeth during the process of their formation so that affected teeth, in addition to being usually discolored and ugly in appearance, are structurally weak and deteriorate early in life. For this reason, it is especially important that fluorine be avoided during the period of tooth formation, that is, from birth to the age of 12 years.
1941:
Schwarz (Germany) prepares fluoride/iodide anti-thyroid medications and combines with sedatives.
1943:
Researchers from the US Public Health Service examine the health of residents of Bartlett, Texas to see if the 8ppm fluoride in the drinking water was affecting their health. It was checked again in 1953. They find that the death rate in Bartlett was three times higher than a neighbouring town which contained 0.4 ppm fluoride.
1943:
The Journal of the American Medical Association on September 18, 1943, states:
“Fluorides are general protoplasmic poisons, changing the permeability of the cell membrane by inhibiting certain enzymes. The exact mechanism of such actions are obscure. The sources of fluorine intoxication are drinking water containing 1ppm or more of fluorine, fluorine compounds used as insecticidal sprays for fruits and vegetables (cryolite and barium fluoro- silicate) and the mining and conversion of phosphate rock to super phosphate, which is used as a fertilizer. That process alone releases approximately 25,000 tons of pure fluorine into the atmosphere annually. Other sources of fluorine intoxication is from the fluorides used in the smelting of many metals, such as steel and aluminum, and in the production of glass, enamel and brick.”
1944:
January 6, 1944. Dr. Paul A. Neal of the National Institutes of Health outlined the critical importance of fluoride to the war economy-and emphasized how little doctors knew about health effects on workers. Aluminum, magnesium, refrigerants, aerosol propellants, insecticides, phosphates for animal feeds, hydrofluoric acid (“especially its use as a catalyst in oil refining”), and the employment of fluoride fluxes among an estimated 150,000 welders were just some of the burgeoning uses for fluoride in the war effort, Neal reported. There was a “definite need,” he added, “for careful, thorough investigation on workmen who have been exposed for many years to fluorides. However, it has been postponed until after the war since such an investigation could hardly be made at this time without undue interruption of the output of these industries.”5tfd
The conference organizers had made what seemed to be a surprising addition to the guest list: Dr. David B. Ast, chief dental officer of the New York State Health Department. Dr. Ast was then preparing to add sodium fluoride to the drinking water of Newburgh, New York, in a stated bid to improve dental health in children. Although the conference had been secretly arranged by the Manhattan Project – whose industrial contractors were concerned that workers in bomb factories would be poisoned by fluoride – the dental researcher quickly justified his attendance at the conference. Military officials and industrial contractors heard a conference report that “animal tests were of doubtful value” in studying fluoride toxicity in humans, and that there was confusion over amounts that “may cause deleterious effects in adults.” Dr. Ast then boldly volunteered a solution.6tfd He suggested that researchers could examine whether fluoride in drinking water was harmful to people, and thereby help to determine whether the chemical posed a risk to workers in factories. 5tfd-6tfd: The Fluoride Deception, page 81.
1944:
The city manger of Grand Rapids, Michigan announces that the Michigan State Department of Health is planning a long range experiment with fluoridated water and that Grand Rapids was selected as the location for the experiment. The city commission approves a motion to fluoridate on July 31, and decide it is to begin in January 1945, despite the warning issued three months earlier by the American Dental Association. Grand Rapids becomes the first city in the United States to conduct this experiment. It was to serve as the test city to be compared against un-fluoridated Muskegon for a period of ten years relative to tooth decay, at which time it would be determined whether or not fluoride was “safe and effective.” Dr. H. Trendley Dean was put in charge of the project. The experiment was terminated early with the pronouncement that fluorides in public water supplies was “safe”.
Oscar Ewing is put on the payroll of the Aluminium Company of America (ALCOA), as an attorney, at an annual salary of $750,000. Within a few months, Ewing was made Federal Security Administrator, with the announcement that he was taking a big cut in salary. The US Public Health Service, then a division of the FSA, comes under the command of Ewing, and he begins to vigorously promote fluoridation nationwide. Ref: May 25-27 Hearings before the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. A by-product of aluminium manufacture is toxic sodium fluoride. Ewing’s public relations strategist for the fluoride campaign was the nephew of Sigmund Freud, Edward L. Bernays. Bernays conducts a public relations campaign to promote fluorine ingestion by applying Freudian theory to induce public acceptance. It was one of Bernays most successful campaigns.
The Journal of the American Dental Association on October 1, 1944 warned that “We do know that the use of drinking water containing as little as 1.2 to 3.0 ppm of fluorine will cause such developmental disturbances in bones as osteoporosis, and we cannot run the risk of producing such systemic disturbances in applying what at present is a doubtful procedure intended to prevent development of dental disfigurement in children. In the light of our present knowledge or lack of knowledge of the chemistry of the subject, the potentialities for harm far outweigh those for good.”
September 1944:
Accounts of fluoride injury mushroomed as the laboratory work moved into full-scale industrial production. At Oak Ridge in September 1944, 190 pounds of hexafluoride gas escaped into a room, drifted outdoors, and formed a chemical cloud “20 yards by 20 yards.” Nine workers were exposed “for periods of twenty seconds to five minutes,” injuring “the mouth, salivary organs, pharynx, skin, eyes and lungs.”22tfd The news got worse: that same year, 1944, General Groves got shocking new reports of multiple deaths in the nuclear program. Details of those fatalities and fluoride’s role have remained hidden, often for a half-century or more.
The stories of the DuPont workers, who may have been fluoride’s first wartime fatalities, have not been made public until now. (And they remain anonymous: once-secret military documents describing the deaths do not record their names.) On January 15,1944, a laboratory assistant, a chemist, and “a girl technician” producing the fluorinated plastic Teflon for the bomb program were exposed to waste gases. Shortness of breath followed twelve hours later and “by the end of 36 hours, all three were in the hospital,” Colonel Warren was informed.23tfd The chemist recovered but the other two died terrible deaths, turning purple and unable to breathe.24tfd 22tfd-24tfd: The Fluoride Deception, page 50.
1945:
On January 25, 1945 (The Fluoride Deception, page 86.), Grand Rapids, Michigan [fluoridated]; without health effects measured. … that study is scientifically dishonest. After five years tooth decay declined equally in Grand Rapids and its control city Muskegon Michigan so Muskegon’s water was fluoridated … http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=597_1201185775
1945:
On May 2, 1945 (The Fluoride Deception, page 83.), Newburgh, New York has their water supply fluoridated. Subsequent exams of the children by x-ray reveal that almost 14% have cortical defects in bone, compared to the nearby unfluoridated town of Kingston, where 7.5% have bone defects. http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=597_1201185775
1946:
The Atomic Energy Commission (Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology – headed by Harold Carpenter Hodge, incomprehensibly at the same time also head of the International Association for Dental Research (IADR) – acknowledges the German findings that all fluoride compounds – organic or inorganic – inhibit thyroid hormone activity, and declares this issue a research priority. No further research into this issue is conducted, however.
1949:
Richard May reports on the highly successful use of the organic fluoride compounds Pardinon (IG Farben) and Capacin (Knoll AG) in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. Up until 1943, 10,000 patients had been cured.
1950:
As a result of government propaganda on fluorides, the ten year Michigan study was terminated after just over 5 years. The fluoride-free control city, Muskegon, was then fluoridated (apparently to conceal any differential between the two cities).
1955:
… researchers reported more bone defects, anemia and earlier female menstruation in [girls] purposely dosed with sodium fluoride-laced drinking water (1956 Journal of the American Dental Association).
1956:
… ten years ago Newburgh’s faucets began spouting 1.2 parts per million (ppm) sodium fluoride. Nearby Kingston, New York, the control city for comparison purposes, was left fluoride-free.
… physicians and dentists are “off-labeling” sodium fluoride as a cavity preventive for children … in much smaller doses than needed to kill rats. Fluoride Dangers
Newburgh-Kingston caries-fluorine study. XIII. Pediatric findings after ten years. Journal Amer. Dental Assoc. 1956 Mar;52(3):296-306. SCHLESINGER ER, OVERTON DE, CHASE HC, CANTWELL KT.
1979:
Supreme Court Justice J.P. Flaherty – former Chairman of the Pennsylvania Academy of Sciences – in a 1979 letter to the Mayor of Auckland, N.Z.
“…the evidence is quite convincing that the addition of sodium fluoride to the public water supply at one part per million is extremely deleterious to the human body…. Prior to my hearing this case, I gave the matter of fluoridation little if any, thought but I received quite an education, and noted that the proponents of fluoridation do nothing more than try to impugn the objectivity of those who oppose fluoridation.”
1980:
Chief Dental Officer, British Ministry of Health and Social Security, December 11, 1980.
…no laboratory test has ever shown that 1 part per million fluoride in the drinking water reduces tooth decay.
1998:
Muller et al demonstrated that 6 nanometres of thickness of enamel (the thickness of a spermatozoa’s tail) is created when teeth are brushed with fluoridated toothpaste. This is such a minute depth of protection that as soon as one chews on any food, the 6 nanometres are easily removed. It’s not like there’s any “glue” holding it in place. It just floats on the surface like a super thin film.
2012:
Windsor, Ontario: The chair of the Windsor Utilities Commission supports removing fluoride from the city’s drinking water. CBC News, May 24, 2012. http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/windsor/story/2012/05/24/wdr-fluoride-bill-marra.html
SOURCES:
The Case Against Fluoride – Dr.’s Connett, Beck & Micklem, Chelsea Green, 2010.
The Fluoride Deception, Christopher Bryson, Seven Stories Press, 2004, 2006, paperback edition page references.
Fluoride in Drinking Water: A Scientific Review of EPA’s Standards – National Research Council, U.S.A., 2006.